A device is deemed unusable if it cannot be cleared of user data, it does not work and cannot be repaired, or it is obsolete and cannot access a wireless network. These devices are considered e-waste and are either used for parts in another repair or are recycled with an ISO 14001 R2 certified electronic recycler. To preserve the chain of custody, devices are transferred in sealed cartons and are destroyed in the same manner – crushed for precious metals recovery.